Endospores and Endospore Staining


Staining Endospores

Due to the highly resistant nature of endospores, they are not easily penetrated
by stains.  Thus, it is necessary to steam the stain into an endospore.  The
Schaeffer-Fulton method is the most commonly used endospore staining technique,
and it uses Malachite green as the primary stain.  Once the endospore has absorbed
the stain, it is resistant to decolorization, but the vegetative cell is easily decolorized
with water (leaving the vegetative cells colorless).  Finally, the vegetative cells are
counterstained with Safranin to aid in their visualization.  When viewed under a
microscope, the endospores appear green, while the vegetative cells are red or pink.
The steps in the endospore staining technique are listed below.

                                  01.  Using aseptic technique, prepare a bacterial smear on a clean slide,
                                          air dry and gently heat fix.
                                   02.  Prepare a boiling water bath.
                                   03.  Cover the slide with a piece of paper towel, and place on a staining
                                          rack over the water bath.
                                   04.  Flood the paper towel on the slide with Malachite green (primary stain).
                                   05.  Steam the slide for five minutes.
                                   06.  Remove the slide from the water bath, and remove the paper towel
                                          from the slide.
                                   07.  Allow the slide to cool, and then rinse with deionized water until the
                                          water runs clear.
                                   08.  Pour off any excess water and apply Safranin (counterstain) for two
                                          minutes.
                                   09.  Rinse excess Safranin off with deionized water, and blot the slide dry
                                          with bibulous paper.
                                   10.  Examine the slide with a light microscope under oil immersion.

The picture below shows the outcome of an endospore stain.  The vegetative cells
are pink/red and the endospores are green.


Results achieved by endospore staining.  The green structures are endospores,
and the pink structures are vegetative cells.
http://news.cn.edu/karrst/endospor.htm


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